General information

Aliphatic hydrocarbons are organic chemical compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen and are not aromatic. This makes them a subgroup of hydrocarbons. According to the IUPAC nomenclature, aliphatic compounds are “acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, carbon compounds, except aromatic compounds.

The simplest group of aliphatic hydrocarbons are the saturated alkanes. In addition, the cycloalkanes, which are also saturated, and the unsaturated hydrocarbons of the alkenes and alkynes belong to the group of aliphatics.

The main source of extraction of aliphatic compounds is petroleum. The most important crude oil treatment process is steam cracking. ethane, LPG, naphtha and gas oil or other suitable hydrocarbons are cracked. The gas phase of the steam cracker products contains the aliphatic basic chemicals ethylene, propylene, the C4 cut (mainly butene, isobutene and 1,3-butadiene) and isoprene.

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